JavaScript Errors Try Catch Throw

# JavaScript Errors - Throw and Try to Catch

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The try statement lets you test a block of code for errors.

The catch statement lets you handle the error.

The throw statement lets you create custom errors.

The finally statement lets you execute code, after try and catch, regardless of the result.

## Errors Will Happen!

When executing JavaScript code, different errors can occur.

Errors can be coding errors made by the programmer, errors due to wrong input, and other unforeseeable things:

## Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
try {
adddlert("Welcome guest!");
}
catch(err) {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = err.message;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Try it Yourself »

In the example above we have made a typo in the code (in the try block).

The catch block catches the error, and executes code to handle it.

## JavaScript try and catch

The try statement allows you to define a block of code to be tested for errors while it is being executed.

The catch statement allows you to define a block of code to be executed, if an error occurs in the try block.

The JavaScript statements try and catch come in pairs:

try {
Block of code to try
}
catch(err) {
Block of code to handle errors
}

## JavaScript Throws Errors

When an error occurs, JavaScript will normally stop, and generate an error message.

The technical term for this is: JavaScript will throw an error.

## The throw Statement

The throw statement allows you to create a custom error.

The technical term for this is: throw an exception.

The exception can be a JavaScript String, a Number, a Boolean or an Object:

throw "Too big"; // throw a text
throw 500; // throw a number

If you use throw together with try and catch, you can control program flow and generate custom error messages.

## Input Validation Example

This example examines input. If the value is wrong, an exception (err) is thrown.

The exception (err) is caught by the catch statement and a custom error message is displayed:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>Please input a number between 5 and 10:</p>
<input id="demo" type="text">
<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Test Input</button>
<p id="message"></p>
<script>
function myFunction() {
var message, x;
message = document.getElementById("message");
message.innerHTML = "";
x = document.getElementById("demo").value;
try {
x = Number(x);
if(x == "") throw "is empty";
if(isNaN(x)) throw "is not a number";
if(x > 10) throw "is too high";
if(x < 5) throw "is too low";
}
catch(err) {
message.innerHTML = "Input " + err;
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Try it Yourself »

## The finally Statement

The finally statement lets you execute code, after try and catch, regardless of the result:

try {
Block of code to try
}
catch(err) {
Block of code to handle errors
}
finally {
Block of code to be executed regardless of the try / catch result
}

## Example

function myFunction() {
var message, x;
message = document.getElementById("message");
message.innerHTML = "";
x = document.getElementById("demo").value;
try {
x = Number(x);
if(x == "") throw "is empty";
if(isNaN(x)) throw "is not a number";
if(x > 10) throw "is too high";
if(x < 5) throw "is too low";
}
catch(err) {
message.innerHTML = "Error: " + err + ".";
}
finally {
document.getElementById("demo").value = "";
}
}
Try it Yourself »
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